Question 1
4 marks
Visual SLAM conceptual framework and GPS degradation in disaster zones
- Control systems
- Networks
(a)
2 marks
- Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) is an autonomous algorithmic process whereby a mobile robotic agent constructs a continuous spatial map of an unfamiliar environment using camera feeds while concurrently tracking its own six-degree-of-freedom pose within that evolving map.
- The system extracts visual landmarks across successive image frames, matching geometric features over time to compute both spatial displacements and structural 3D point positions without relying on external navigation signals.
Mentor tip
Emphasize the dual simultaneous nature: building the spatial map while calculating the robot's own relative position from camera inputs.
(b)
2 marks
- GPS satellite signals utilize low-power, high-frequency microwave radio transmissions that require line-of-sight propagation; they cannot penetrate subterranean basements, heavy structural debris, or reinforced concrete ceilings.
- In dense urban disaster environments, tall buildings and collapsed steel structures cause severe signal attenuation, scattering, and multi-path reflection errors, leading to duplicate signals that confuse the receiver or cause complete signal loss.
Mentor tip
Explain signal attenuation through thick structural materials and multi-path interference caused by urban rubble.
